6. Anthers tetrasporangiate, dithecal; leaves pinnate to palmately     
    veined;stamens usually twice the number of corolla lobes,           
    occasionally reduced and equaling the corolla lobes . . . . . . . 13
    13. Ovary inferior; anthers with tubules . Vaccinioideae, Vaccinieae
    13. Ovary superior; anthers usually lacking tubules. . . . .  . . 14
     14. Anthers inverting early in development of the flower; fruit    
         lacking an endocarp, usually dehiscent; ± several to numerous  
         ovules per locule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
      15. Corolla deciduous; leaves ericoid to broad and flat . . . 16
       16. Fruit usually a loculicidal capsule, occasionally a berry.23
         23. Leaves not ericoid, although they may have a revolute 
             margin; bud scales present; anthers usually with 
             disintegration tissue; fibers associated with vascular 
             tissue in petiole and leaf midrib. . . . . . . . . . .25
           25. Secondary phloem with bands of fibers; stamens 
               lacking appendages or with 2 spurs at anther-filament 
               junction or on upper portion of filament; leaf 
               epidermis ± lignified; filaments usually S-shaped. . 
               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vaccinioideae,Lyonieae
           25. Secondary phloem lacking bands of fibers (except 
               Zenobia, which has 4 awns on anthers); stamens 
               lacking appendages or with 2 or 4 awns arising ± from 
               anther apex; leaf epidermis not lignified (except 
               Andromeda, which has 2 awns on anthers); filaments 
               straight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
            26. Leaves lacking multicellular hairs, except for ± 
                globose, non-glandular hairs associated with 
                serrations in Zenobia; stomata anomocytic. . . 
                . . . . . . . . . . Vaccinioideae, Andromedeae
            26. Leaves with scattered gland-headed, multi-
                cellular hairs; stomata usually paracytic. . 27
             27. Pedicel not articulated; inflorescence 
                 terminal; flowers borne on shoots of 
                 the current season; anthers not appendaged; 
                 fruits ± elongate-ovoid. . . . 
                 . . . . . . . . Vaccinioideae, Oxydendreae
             27. Pedicel articulated with flower; 
                 inflorescences usually axillary; flowers 
                 usually on shoots of the previous season; 
                 anthers often with 4 "apical" appendages (awns); fruits
                 ± globose to subglobose. . . . 
                 . . . . . . . . .Vaccinioideae, Gaultherieae